Apa Itu Teks Naratif? Ini dia Penjelasan Lengkap & Contohnya!

"Once upon a time, there lived a boy named Malin Kundang". Pasti kamu pernah dengar kalimat pembuka seperti itu, kan? Yup! Itu adalah contoh dari teks naratif, jenis teks yang sejak kecil sudah akrab banget di telinga kita.  Supaya kamu semakin mengerti tentang narrative text, yuk simak baik-baik penjelasan lengkap di bawah ini!

A. Pengertian

Teks naratif merupakan cerita yang disusun secara runtut menggunakan bentuk lampau  Simple past tense). Narrative text dapat berisi kisah imajinatif maupun kejadian nyata yang telah dimodifikasi, dan ditata berdasarkan urutan peristiwa yang telah terjadi.

B. Tujuan Narative  Text

Tujuan dari narrative text adalah untuk menghibur para pembaca melalui alur cerita yang menarik, menyentuh, atau penuh imajinasi. Teks naratif dirancang sedemikian rupa agar pembaca dapat terbawa ke dalam dunia cerita, merasakan emosi tokoh-tokohnya, serta menikmati konflik dan penyelesaian yang disajikan. Selain hiburan, narrative text juga sering menyampaikan pesan moral, nilai-nilai kehidupan, atau pelajaran tertentu yang bisa dipetik dari cerita tersebut. Dengan kata lain, teks naratif tidak hanya menghibur, tetapi juga bisa memberi inspirasi dan refleksi bagi pembaca.

C. Struktur Narative Text

1). Orientation

Bagian ini memperkenalkan tokoh-tokoh, latar tempat dan waktu, serta situasi awal dari cerita. Tujuannya agar pembaca mengetahui siapa yang terlibat dalam cerita dan di mana serta kapan kejadian itu berlangsung.

Example: Once upon a time, in a dense jungle, there lived a mighty lion. He was feared by all the animals and ruled the forest with his strength. One sunny afternoon, the lion was sleeping peacefully under a tree.

2) Complcation

Di bagian ini, muncul masalah atau konflik yang harus dihadapi oleh tokoh utama. Konflik inilah yang membuat cerita menjadi menarik dan menegangkan.

Example: Suddenly, a little mouse ran across his paw and woke him up. The lion was furious. He caught the mouse and roared, “How dare you wake me up? I will eat you!”

The mouse trembled and begged, “Please forgive me, O King. I didn’t mean to disturb you. If you let me go, maybe someday I can help you.”

3)  Resolution

Di bagian ini, muncul masalah atau konflik yang harus dihadapi oleh tokoh utama. Konflik inilah yang membuat cerita menjadi menarik dan menegangkan.

Example: The lion laughed loudly. “You? A tiny mouse? Help me?” But he let the mouse go.

A few weeks later, the lion was caught in a hunter’s net. He roared and struggled but couldn’t escape. The mouse heard his cries and ran to help. He quickly gnawed the ropes until the lion was free.

“You were right, little one,” said the lion gratefully. “Even the smallest creature can be of help.”

4) Re-orientation

Re-orientation adalah bagian penutup yang menyampaikan pesan moral atau kesimpulan dari cerita. Tidak semua teks naratif memiliki bagian ini, tetapi jika ada, biasanya berisi refleksi atau pesan untuk pembaca.

Example: Since that day, the lion and the mouse became good friends. The lion learned to never underestimate others, no matter how small they are.

D. Jenis-jenis Narative Text

1. Fairy tales

2. Mysteries

3. Fable

4. Folklore

5. Science Fiction

6. Romance

7. Adventure stories

8. Fractured stories

E. Contoh Narative TextThe story of snow white and seven 

The story of snow white and seven dwarfts

    Once upon a time, in a faraway kingdom, there lived a beautiful princess named Snow White. Her skin was as white as snow, her lips as red as blood, and her hair as black as ebony. Snow White was kind and gentle, loved by everyone except her stepmother, the Queen. The Queen was jealous of Snow White’s beauty and often asked her magic mirror, "Who is the fairest of them all?" One day, the mirror replied that Snow White was more beautiful than her.

          The Queen became very jealous and ordered a huntsman to take Snow White into the forest and kill her. But the huntsman couldn’t do it because Snow White was so innocent and kind. Instead, he told her to run far away. Snow White ran deep into the forest and found a small cottage. It belonged to seven dwarfs who decided to let her stay with them. The Queen, however, found out Snow White was still alive. She disguised herself as an old woman and gave Snow White a poisoned apple. When Snow White took a bite, she fell into a deep sleep.

   When the dwarfs found Snow White, they were heartbroken and could not bury her. They placed her in a glass coffin on a hill. One day, a prince passed by and saw Snow White in the coffin. He fell in love with her at first sight and asked the dwarfs for permission to approach her. The prince kissed Snow White gently. The kiss of true love broke the spell, and Snow White woke up.

Snow White and the prince fell in love and soon got married. They lived happily in the prince's kingdom. Meanwhile, the wicked Queen faced her punishment and disappeared forever. Snow White, the prince, and the seven dwarfs lived peacefully and happily ever after. Kindness and true love will always triumph over jealousy and evil.